The Great Depression didn’t become a global catastrophe on Wall Street—it detonated in Vienna.
In 1931, one bank failure rewired Europe’s financial system, shattered the Gold Standard’s illusion of safety, and helped turn economic panic into geopolitical extremism.
This is the “technical” crisis that helped make World War II economically inevitable.
In May 1931, Credit Anstalt—Austria’s system-defining bank, often described as holding an enormous share of the country’s deposits and industrial ties—collapsed, and the panic didn’t stop at the border. Under the Gold Standard, central banks couldn’t freely print liquidity without risking reserve loss, so a bank run became a sovereign crisis, and a sovereign crisis became continent-wide contagion. As short-term foreign credits evaporated and confidence cracked, pressure spread through Germany’s banks and into the UK, accelerating abandonment of gold, fueling recession, and hardening trade barriers and protectionism. This episode isn’t just History—it’s a blueprint for how fixed exchange regimes, fragile cross-border funding, and political retaliation can convert financial stress into radicalization.
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
- Credit Anstalt’s Collapse - How one “too-connected-to-fail” bank triggered a Europe-wide confidence shock.
- Sovereign Debt Contagion - Why bank balance sheets and government credibility implode together.
- The Gold Standard Constraint - How a rigid currency link can turn liquidity problems into solvency disasters.
- The Fatal Mistake: The 1931 Customs Union Proposal - How geopolitics and credit withdrawal can ignite a banking crisis.
- From Recession to Radicalization - How middle-class ruin reshapes elections and breaks democracies.
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